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- Regulatory Status
- RUO
- Other Names
- K, MDK, Neurite Growth-Promoting Factor 2 (NEGF2)
- Ave. Rating
- Submit a Review
- Product Citations
- publications
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Figure A. Immobilized human Midkine at 0.4 µg/mL enhances neurite outgrowth from E18 rat embryonic cortical neurons cultured for three days. -
Cortical neurons cultured on PBS coated well for three days. -
Immobilized recombinant human Midkine supports the adhesion of C6 glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner with ED50 range of 0.4 – 1.6 µg/mL. Deep Blue Cell Viability™ Kit (Cat No 424701) was used to detect the adherent cells.
Midkine was originally identified as a retinoic acid inducible gene in embryonic carcinoma cells. It is a heparin-binding neurotrophic factor expressed in various cell types during embryogenesis. Midkine promotes cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration. It is involved in a variety of biological processes including neuronal development and angiogenesis. Midkine is also expressed in several carcinomas, suggesting a possible role in tumorigenesis. In addition, Midkine may play a key role in inflammation via the promotion of neutrophil and macrophage chemotaxis and suppression of regulatory T cell expansion. Midkine is a highly basic non-glycosylated protein with 121 amino acid residues that includes ten conserved cysteine residues, which form five intra-chain disulfide bonds. There are several candidate receptors for Midkine including anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), protein-tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPzeta), integrins, Notch2, and LRP1. Midkine is also known as neurite growth promoting factor 2 and has been shown to induce neuronal neurite outgrowth in vitro.
Product DetailsProduct Details
- Source
- Human Midkine, amino acids (Lys23-Asp143) (Accession# NP_002382.1), was expressed in E. coli.
- Molecular Mass
- The 121 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 13.2 kD. The protein migrates at approximately 17 kD in both DTT-reducing and non-reducing conditions by SDS-PAGE. The predicted N-terminal amino acid is Lys.
- Purity
- > 95%, as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE.
- Formulation
- 0.22 µm filtered protein solution is in PBS, pH 7.2.
- Endotoxin Level
- Less than 0.1 ng per µg cytokine as determined by the LAL method.
- Concentration
- 10 - 100 µg sizes are bottled at 200 µg/mL.
- Storage & Handling
- Unopened vial can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to 2 weeks, at -20°C for up to six months, or at -70°C or colder until the expiration date. For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. The protein can be aliquoted and stored at -20°C or colder. Stock solutions can also be prepared at 50 - 100 µg/mL in appropriate sterile buffer, carrier protein such as 0.2 - 1% BSA or HSA can be added when preparing the stock solution. Aliquots can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to one week and stored at -20°C or colder for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
- Activity
- Enhance neurite outgrowth at 0.4 - 10 µg/mL. ED50 = 0.4 – 1.6 µg/mL as measured by the ability of immobilized protein to support the adhesion of C6 glioma cells. Deep Blue Cell Viability™ Kit (Cat. No. 424701) was used to detect the adherent cells.
- Application
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Bioassay
- Application Notes
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BioLegend carrier-free recombinant proteins provided in liquid format are shipped on blue-ice. Our comparison testing data indicates that when handled and stored as recommended, the liquid format has equal or better stability and shelf-life compared to commercially available lyophilized proteins after reconstitution. Our liquid proteins are verified in-house to maintain activity after shipping on blue ice and are backed by our 100% satisfaction guarantee. If you have any concerns, contact us at tech@biolegend.com.
Antigen Details
- Distribution
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Expressed in various cell types during embryogenesis.
- Function
- Neuronal adhesion, neuronal neurite outgrowth, intraperitoneal adhesion
- Interaction
- Embryonic neurons, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and tumor cells.
- Ligand/Receptor
- Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), protein-tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPzeta), integrins, Notch2, and LRP1.
- Bioactivity
- Midkine enhances cortical neuron neurite outgrowth.
- Cell Type
- Embryonic Stem Cells, Neural Stem Cells
- Biology Area
- Cell Biology, Neuroscience, Stem Cells, Synaptic Biology
- Molecular Family
- Cytokines/Chemokines, Growth Factors
- Antigen References
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1. Muramatsu T. 1993. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 37:183.
2. Kaneda N, et al. 1996. J. Biochem. 6:1150-6.
3. Bohlen P and Kovesdi I. 1991. Prog. Growth Factor Res. 3:143.
4. Muramatsu H and Muramatsu T. 1991. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commum. 2:652.
5. Reynolds PR, et al. 2004. J. Biol. Chem. 279:37124-32.
6. Inoh K, et al. 2004. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 317:108-113.
7. Weckbach LT, et al. 2011. Scientific World Journal 11:2491-2505.
8. Weckbach LT, et al. 2014. Blood 12:1887-96. - Gene ID
- 4192 View all products for this Gene ID
- UniProt
- View information about Midkine on UniProt.org
Related FAQs
- Why choose BioLegend recombinant proteins?
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• Each lot of product is quality-tested for bioactivity as indicated on the data sheet.
• Greater than 95% Purity or higher, tested on every lot of product.
• 100% Satisfaction Guarantee for quality performance, stability, and consistency.
• Ready-to-use liquid format saves time and reduces challenges associated with reconstitution.
• Bulk and customization available. Contact us.
• Learn more about our Recombinant Proteins. - How does the activity of your recombinant proteins compare to competitors?
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We quality control each and every lot of recombinant protein. Not only do we check its bioactivity, but we also compare it against other commercially available recombinant proteins. We make sure each recombinant protein’s activity is at least as good as or better than the competition’s. In order to provide you with the best possible product, we ensure that our testing process is rigorous and thorough. If you’re curious and eager to make the switch to BioLegend recombinants, contact your sales representative today!
- What is the specific activity or ED50 of my recombinant protein?
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The specific activity range of the protein is indicated on the product datasheets. Because the exact activity values on a per unit basis can largely fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including the nature of the assay, cell density, age of cells/passage number, culture media used, and end user technique, the specific activity is best defined as a range and we guarantee the specific activity of all our lots will be within the range indicated on the datasheet. Please note this only applies to recombinants labeled for use in bioassays. ELISA standard recombinant proteins are not recommended for bioassay usage as they are not tested for these applications.
- Have your recombinants been tested for stability?
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Our testing shows that the recombinant proteins are able to withstand room temperature for a week without losing activity. In addition the recombinant proteins were also found to withstand four cycles of freeze and thaw without losing activity.
- Does specific activity of a recombinant protein vary between lots?
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Specific activity will vary for each lot and for the type of experiment that is done to validate it, but all passed lots will have activity within the established ED50 range for the product and we guarantee that our products will have lot-to-lot consistency. Please conduct an experiment-specific validation to find the optimal ED50 for your system.
- How do you convert activity as an ED50 in ng/ml to a specific activity in Units/mg?
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Use formula Specific activity (Units/mg) = 10^6/ ED50 (ng/mL)
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