The ability to accurately measure different quantities of a standard spiked into sample matrices describes the recovery characteristics of an ELISA. We collect recovery data for all LEGEND MAX™ Kits, typically tested in serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatant.
LEGEND MAX™ Kits also provide linearity results, indicating that at different dilutions of a sample, the results are linear with the expected concentration.
LEGEND MAX™ Kit manuals contain results from testing of in vitro biological samples, using biologically relevant conditions in which the expected cytokine or chemokine is produced. Normal serum/plasma values are also provided.
LEGEND MAX™ Kits and ELISA MAX™ Sets are designed for the quantification of proteins in cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma, and other bodily fluids.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is the most important hormone regulating erythropoiesis. It is a glycoprotein also known as hematopoietin. Human EPO is mainly produced by kidney and liver in response to hypoxia to induce red blood cell synthesis. EPO is a secreted protein of 166 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of ~18 kD. However, it migrates on SDS-PAGE at ~35-55 kD due to heavy glycosylation. Human EPO is closely related to thrombopoietin (TPO), sharing 44% amino acid homology. EPO is highly conserved across species, with human EPO being 80% identical to mouse, and mouse EPO being 95% identical to rat.
EPO functions through binding to its receptor, EPO R, a homodimer, on erythoid precursors, and promotes their differentiation and maturation. As expected, serum levels of EPO are elevated in response to various conditions that result in tissue hypoxia (e.g. blood loss, high altitude, cardiac or pulmonary disease, and anemia). Increased EPO levels can also be due to increased production by cancer cells of the liver and kidney. Decreased levels of EPO are often seen with chronic renal failure and other chronic diseases or chemotherapy, whcih cause anemia. Human endogenous EPO and recombinant EPO share the same amino acid sequence, with differences in the glycosylation profiles.
The LEGEND MAX™ Human EPO ELISA kit is a Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with a 96-well strip plate that is pre-coated with a mouse monoclonal anti-human EPO antibody. The Detection Antibody is a biotinylated mouse monoclonal anti-human EPO antibody. This kit is specifically designed for the accurate quantitation of human EPO from cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma (heparin, EDTA and citrate), urine, and other biological fluids. This kit is analytically validated with ready-to-use reagents.
IL-33 belongs to the IL-1 family and is closely related in structure to IL-18 and IL-1b. IL-33, IL-1ß, and IL-18 are synthesized as biologically inactive precursor and are cleft by the enzyme caspase-1 to be secreted as active mature forms. IL-33 stimulates target cells by binding to the IL-1R/TLR superfamily member ST2 and subsequently activates NF-?B and MAPK pathways via identical signaling events to those observed for IL-1ß. In addition, IL-33 as a nuclear factor (NF-HEV) abundantly expressed in high endothelial venules from lymphoid organs that associates with chromatin and exhibits transcriptional regulatory properties.
BioLegend’s LEGEND MAX™ Human IL-33 ELISA Kit is a sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), in which, a Human IL-33 specific monoclonal antibody is pre-coated on a 96-well strip-well plate.
BioLegend’s LEGEND MAX™ Human IL-33 ELISA Kit is specifically designed for the accurate quantitation of Human IL-33 from cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma or other bodily fluids. It is ready-to-use, accurate, and sensitive.
Human IL-21 is a 4-helix-bundle-type fold cytokine with significant homology to IL-2, IL-4, and IL-15. IL-21 is produced most abundantly by activated CD4+ T cells, including Th17 lineage cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells, and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. These actions include positive effects such as enhanced proliferation of NK cells and cytotoxic T cells that can destroy virally infected or cancerous cells and direct inhibitory effects on the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells. It can also be proapoptotic for B cells and NK cells.
BioLegend’s LEGEND MAX™ Human IL-21 ELISA Kit is a sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), in which, a human IL-21 specific monoclonal antibody is pre-coated on a 96-well strip-well plate.
This Human IL-21 ELISA Kit is specifically designed for the accurate quantitation of human IL-21 from cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma, and other bodily fluids. It is ready-to-use, accurate, and sensitive.
Interferon-β is a member of the type I interferon class. Type I IFNs are involved in the innate immune system, being released non-specifically during the early stage of infection in response to stimuli such as viruses, dsRNA, LPS, and bacterial components. Once secreted by virus-infected or activated cells, they bind to the IFNα/β receptor (IFNAR), which is found on almost all cell types. Then, via the JAK-STAT pathway, they induce the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). While the function of many of these proteins remains to be elucidated, a hallmark of type I IFNs is their anti-viral activities, both general and specific against particular viruses. Type I IFNs also regulate cell growth and apoptosis, and exert various immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects. As such, they are clinically relevant, both as therapeutics and as targets of inhibition for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Mouse IFN-β is a ~20 kD monomeric glycoprotein. It has 50% amino acid sequence homology with mouse IFN-α, its closest related protein, and 62% homology with human IFN-β. IFN-β is currently the therapeutic of choice for treating multiple sclerosis.
BioLegend’s LEGEND MAX™ Mouse IFN-β ELISA Kit is a sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), in which, a specific antibody is pre-coated on a 96-well strip-well plate.
BioLegend’s LEGEND MAX™ Mouse IFN-β ELISA Kit is specifically designed for the accurate quantitation of mouse IFN-β from cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma or other bodily fluids. It is ready-to-use, accurate, and sensitive.
Adiponectin is also referred to as Acrp30, AdipoQ, apM1, and gelatin binding protein of 28 kD (GBP-28), which in humans is encoded by the ADIPOQ gene. Adiponectin contains 244 amino acids with a collagen-like domain at the N-terminal and a globular domain at the C-terminal. The globular domain can be proteolytically truncated forming the globular adiponectin (gAdiponectin). This globular domain resembles the structure of the complement C1q and the TNF-a superfamily. Adiponectin exists in a wide range of homo-oligomers: a low-molecular weight (LMW) trimer, a medium molecular weight (MMW) hexamer, and a high molecular weight (HMW) multimer with little or no interconversion between the forms. Females generally have higher HMW than males in both proportion and absolute amounts. Adiponectin has two receptors (adipoRs)-1 and -2. AdipoR1 mRNA is detectable in skeletal muscle, spleen, lung, heart, kidney, and liver. AdipoR2 is expressed in liver, but also detectable in heart, lung, skeletal muscle, and kidney.
Adiponectin plays an important role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It promotes insulin-sensitivity and protects cells from inflammation and apoptosis. It is also hypothesized to have anti-atherogenic activity. Normal circulating adiponectin level ranges from 4-30 µg/mL. Adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI). Low serum level of adiponectin is found in obesity, type 2 diabetes and those with coronary artery disease. Therefore, adiponectin serves as an important clinical biomarker for metabolic syndromes.
The LEGEND MAX™ Human Adiponectin (Acrp30) ELISA Kit is a Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with a 96-well strip plate that is pre-coated with a mouse monoclonal anti-human adiponectin antibody. The detection antibody is a biotinylated mouse monoclonal anti-human adiponectin antibody. This kit is specifically designed for the accurate quantitation of human adiponectin (including globular, LMW, MWM, and HMW adiponectin) from cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma, and other biological fluids. This kit is analytically validated with ready-to-use reagents.