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| Homeostasis: |
| Homeostatic chemokines are constitutively expressed in particular organs or tissues. Specific chemokine receptors are often required to gain entry (or exit) from certain organs and tissues like the thymus and bone marrow. These chemokines also have a more diverse range of functions compared to inflammatory chemokines. These functions include organogenesis, stem cell migration, and cell development. Due to their function of targeting cells to specific organs, homeostatic chemokines can also be involved in cancer and metastasis. For more information on homeostatic chemokines, see the review below: Zlotnik, A. et al. 2011. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 11:597. Pubmed |
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| Inflammation: |
| In the event of infection, injury, or tissue damage, inflammatory chemokines are often released to address the problem. Many inflammatory chemokines attract a wide variety of cells in both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. Upon sensing the inflammatory chemokine, cells will extravasate from the blood vessel and follow the gradient to its source. Once at the site of injury, immune cells can react by releasing additional cytokines and chemokines, bringing more cells into the fold. Chemokines are also involved in the orchestration of wound healing. For more information on inflammatory chemokines, see the review below: Moser, B. and Willimann, K. 2004. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 63:84. Pubmed |
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