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Recombinant Human TGF-β1 (carrier-free)
Recombinant Human TGF-β1 (carrier-free)
580702
10 µg
$285.00
580704
25 µg
$385.00
580706
100 µg
$1,600.00
580708
500 µg
$5,000.00
Product Details
Source:
Human TGF-β1, amino acids Ala279-Ser390 (Accession # NM_000660) was expressed in CHO cells. Mature TGF-β1 was purified from the conditioned media.
Formulation:
0.22 µm filtered protein solution is in 30% Acetonitrile, 0.1% TFA (trifluoroacetic acid).
Endotoxin Level:
Endotoxin level is <0.1 EU/µg (<0.01 ng/µg) protein as determined by the LAL method.
Preparation:
10-100 µg sizes are bottled at 200 µg/mL. 500 µg sizes and larger are bottled at the concentration indicated on the vial.
Storage & Handling:
Unopened vial can be stored at 4°C for three months or -20° to -70°C for six months. For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. Stock solutions should be prepared at no less than 10 µg/mL in buffer containing carrier protein such as 1% BSA or HSA or 10% FBS. For long term-storage, aliquot into polypropylene vials and store in a manual defrost freezer. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Activity:
TGF-β1 inhibits the proliferation of mouse HT-2 cells induced by IL-4. The ED50 is from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 0.5 to 2.0 x 107 Units/mg.
TGF-β1 inhibits the proliferation of TH-2 cells induced by IL-4.
Description:
TGF-β1 is synthesized in cells as a 390-amino acid. Furin cleaves the protein at residue 278, yielding an N-terminal cleavage product which corresponds to the latency-associated peptide (LAP), and the 25-kD C-terminal portion of the precursor constitutes the mature TGF-β1. In addition to furin, some other activators can release TGF-β from LAP. TGF-β activators include proteases that degrade LAP, thrombospondin-1, reactive oxygen species, and the integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8. Mouse TGF-β converts naïve T cells into regulatory T (Treg) cells that prevent autoimmunity. However, human TGF-β1 seems not to take part in T reg differentiation. Th17 murine can be induced from naïve CD4+ T cells by the combination of TGF-β1 and IL-6 or IL-21. Nevertheless, the regulation of human Th17 differentiation is distinct. TGF-β1 seems to have dual effects on human Th17 differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. While TGF-β1 is required for the expression of RORγt, in human naive CD4+ T cells from cord blood, TGF-β1 can inhibit the function of RORγt at high doses. By using serum-free medium, it has been clarified that the optimum conditions for human Th17 differentiation areTGF-β1, IL-1β, and IL-2 in combination with IL-6, IL-21 or IL-23.
Other Names:
CED, DPD1, TGFB, TGFbeta, TGFB1
Distribution:
TGFβ1 is secreted by numerous cells.
Function:
TGFβ1 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays pivotal roles in diverse biological processes, including the regulation of cell growth and survival, cell and tissue differentiation, development, inflammation, immunity, hematopoiesis, and tissue remodeling and repair. TGF-β1 is essential for wound healing, stimulates matrix molecule deposition and angiogenesis, and is an essential mediator of the pathologic scarring in fibrotic disorders.
Ligand Receptor:
TGFβ1 binds to type II and type I serine/threonine kinase receptors, which initiate intracellular signals through activation of Smad proteins.
Antigen References:
1. Zou Z and Sun PD 2004. Prot Exp Purif 37:265. 2. Annes JP, et al. 2003. J Cell Sci 116:217. 3. Puthawala K, et al. 2008. Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 177:82. 4. Valcourt U, et al. 2005. Mol Biol Cell 16:1987. 5. Takatori H, et al. 2008. Mod Rheumatol DOI 10.1007/s10165-008-0099-z. 6. Manel N, et al. 2008. Nat Immunol. 9:641.
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