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Recombinant Human CXCL1 (GRO-α) (carrier-free)
Recombinant Human CXCL1 (GRO-α) (carrier-free)
574402
10 µg
¥19,000
574404
25 µg
¥38,000
574406
100 µg
¥120,000
574408
500 µg
¥360,000
Product Details
Source:
Human CXCL1, amino acids Ala35 -Asn107 (Accession # NM_001511.2) was expressed in E. coli.
Formulation:
0.22 µm filtered protein solution is in PBS.
Endotoxin Level:
Less than 0.01 ng per µg cytokine as determined by the LAL method.
Preparation:
10-100 µg sizes are bottled at 200 µg/mL. 500 µg and larger sizes are bottled at the concentration indicated on the vial.
Storage & Handling:
Unopened vial can be stored at 4°C for three months, at -20°C for six months, or at -70°C for one year. For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. Stock solutions should be prepared at no less than 10 µg/mL in buffer containing carrier protein such as 1% BSA or HSA or 10% FBS. After dilution, the cytokine can be stored at 4°C for one month or from -20°C to -70°C for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Activity:
Bioactivity was measured by its property to chemoattract human neutrophils in a dose dependent manner.
The CXCL1 gene was initially identified by its constitutive overexpression in spontaneously transformed Chinese hamster fibroblasts, and the CXCL1 protein was originally purified as an autocrine growth factor from supernatants of a human melanoma cell line. CXCL1 is frequently overexpressed in many cancers, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma. CXCL1 is an ELR CXC chemokine, and it is structurally and functionally related to GRO2 (CXCL2), GRO3 (CXCL3), and interleukin-8 (CXCL8). CXCL1, CXCL3, and IL-8 bind to the CXCR2 receptor with CXCL1 (GROα) having the highest affinity. CXCL1 is crucial for the recruitment of neutrophils to inflammatory sites. In addition, CXCL1 has pleiotropic effects on cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Thrombin enhances the secretion of CXCL1 from tumor cells, and these two molecules together induce vascular regulatory proteins and growth factors involved in angiogenesis; this parallels activity of VEGF, Ang-2, CD31, KDR, CXCR2, MMP1, and MMP2 in HUVEC cells. In addition, PGE2 stimulates expression of CXCL1 in human colorectal carcinoma cells through activation of an EGFR–MAPK. Furthermore, CXCL1 (secreted by CRC cells) induces endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro and in vivo. CXCL1 is induced by inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF. In addition, IL-17A enhances expression of CXCL1 by prolonging the half-life of its constitutively unstable mRNA.
CXCL1 is produced by neutrophils, activated monocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells.
Function:
CXCL1 chemoattracts neutrophils and induces cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. CXCL1 is induced by IL-1, TNF, thrombin, and PGE2.
Ligand Receptor:
CXCR2
Interaction:
Neutrophils and endothelial cells.
Antigen References:
1. Anisowicz A, et al. 1987. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:7188. 2. Caunt M, et al. 2006. Cancer Res. 66:4125. 3. Wang D, et al. 2006. J. Exp. Med. 203:941. 4. Datta S, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:1484.
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