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Recombinant human HMGB1 with GST tag. A universal T cell epitope from a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen was introduced into the C-terminus of HMGB1 to increase the immunogenicity.
Formulation:
This antibody is provided in phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2 with no azide.
Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by Western blotting. Western blotting, suggested working dilution(s): Use 1 µl per ml antibody dilution buffer for each mini-gel. Immunofluorescent staining, working dilution(s): Use 2 µl per ml antibody dilution buffer for each mini-gel. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.
COA:
Application References:
1. Zhou H, et al. 2009. PLos One 4:e6087.
Hela cell extracts were resolved by electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with anti-HMGB1 antibody (clone 3E8). Proteins were visualized using a goat anti-mouse-IgG secondary conjugated to HRP and chemiluminescence detection.
Hela cells were stained with anti-HMGB1 antibody, clone 3E8, followed by DyLight™ 549 conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Nuclei were stained with DAPI.
High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) belongs to a family of highly conserved proteins that contain HMG box domains. Human HMGB1 is expressed as a 215 amino acid (aa) single chain polypeptide containing three domains: two N-terminal globular, 70 aa positively charged DNA binding domains (HMG boxes A and B), and a negatively charged 30 aa C-terminal region that contains only Asp and Glu. Human HMGB1 is 100% aa identical to canine HMGB1 and 99% aa identical to mouse, rat, bovine and porcine HMGB1.
HMGB1 is a widely expressed and highly abundant protein. It was originally discovered as a nuclear protein that could bend DNA. Such bending stabilizes nucleosome formation and regulates the expression of select genes upon recruitment by DNA binding proteins. It is now known that HMGB1 also plays a significant role in extracellular signaling associated with inflammation. HMGB1 is massively released into the extracellular environment during cell necrosis. It acts as an inflammatory mediator that promotes monocyte migration and cytokine secretion, and as a mediator of T cell-dendritic cell interaction. In addition, activated monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells also secrete HMGB1, forming a positive feedback loop that results in the release of additional cytokines and neutrophils. The cytokine activity of HMGB1 is restricted to the HMG B box, while the A box is associated with the helix-loop-helix domain of transcription factors. Although HMGB1 does not possess a classic signal sequence, it appears to be secreted as an acetylated form via secretory endolysosome exocytosis. Once secreted, HMGB1 transduces cellular signals through its high affinity receptor, RAGE and, possibly, TLR2 and TLR4.
Other Names:
High mobility group protein 1, High mobility group protein B1, Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate binding protein
Structure:
215 amino acids with predicted molecular weight of 25 kD.
Distribution:
Nucleus
Function:
DNA binding proteins that associate with chromatin and has the ability to bend DNA. Binds single-stranded DNA preferentially. Involved in V(D)J recombination by acting as a cofactor of the RAG complex.
Interaction:
Component of the RAG complex composed of core components RAG1 and RAG2.
Antigen References:
1. Thomas JO and Travers AA. 2001. Trends Biochem. Sci. 26:167. 2. Müller S, et al. 2004. J. Intern. Med. 255:332. 3. Campana L, et al. 2008. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20:518. 4. Klune JR, et al. 2008. Mol. Med. 14:476. 5. Dumitriu IE, et al. 2005. Trends Immunol. 26:381. 6. Bonaldi T, et al. 2003. EMBO J. 22:5551.
Purified anti-HMGB1, 3E8, Purified, High mobility group protein 1, High mobility group protein B1, Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate binding protein, Human, Mouse, Rat, Immunology, Antibodies
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Purified anti-HMGB1
Hela cell extracts were resolved by electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with anti-HMGB1 antibody (clone 3E8). Proteins were visualized using a goat anti-mouse-IgG secondary conjugated to HRP and chemiluminescence detection.
Hela cells were stained with anti-HMGB1 antibody, clone 3E8, followed by DyLight™ 549 conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Nuclei were stained with DAPI.
