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The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with PE/Cy7 under optimal conditions. The solution is free of unconjugated PE/Cy7 and unconjugated antibody.
Storage & Handling:
The antibody solution should be stored undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. Test size products are transitioning from 20 µl to 5 µl per test. Please check your vial or your CoA to find the suggested use of this reagent per million cells in 100 µl staining volume or per 100 µl of whole blood. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application. Read more at www.biolegend.com/testsize regarding the test size change.
COA:
Cy3, Cy5, Cy5.5 and Cy7 are subject to proprietary rights of GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences Corp. and Carnegie Mellon University and made and sold under license from GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences Corp. Sale of this product is licensed for research use only.
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with CD3 (UCHT1), CD28 (CD28.2), and recombinant human IL-2 for 24 hours, then surface stained with anti-LAP (clone TW4-2F8) PE/Cy7 (top) or mouse IgG1, κ PE/Cy7 isotype control (bottom). This was followed by fixation and permeabilization with BioLegend's FOXP3 Fix/Perm Buffer Set and then staining with FOXP3 (259D) Alexa Fluor® 647 (gated on CD4+ lymphocytes).
TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β1) is a multifunctional cytokine which regulates cellular proliferation and differentiation. It is ubiquitously expressed by many types of cells. Platelets express high level of TGF-β. TGF-β is synthesized as a large protein precursor and then secreted as a complex of TGF-β and LAP (latency-associated peptide), in which LAP noncovalently associates with the dimeric mature TGF-β to prevent its activity. TGF-β requires activation before it binds to its receptors and exerts functions. It has been reported that LAP-TGF-β binds to the integrins αvβ1, αvβ6, αvβ8, and α8β1 through RGD domain. TGF-β plays important roles in control proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. TGF-β is believed to be important in the regulation of the development of Treg, Th17, and Th9 cells. A recent study has shown that LAP is an activated Treg surface marker.
About 400 amino acids, N-terminal signal peptide is required for secretion from a cell, a pro-region (LAP) and C-terminal region that becomes the mature TGF-β molecule following its release from the pro-region by proteolytic cleavage.
Distribution:
Ubiquitously expressed by many kinds of cells
Function:
Multifunctional cytokine, regulates cells proliferation, and differentiation
Ligand Receptor:
TGF-βRI, -RII, -RIII, CD105, LTBP, integrins
Antigen References:
1. Yi JJ, et al. 2010. Cell 142:144. 2. Tran DQ, et al. 2009. Blood 113:5125. 3. Lu M, et al. 2002. J. Cell. Sci. 115:4641. 4. Khalil N. 1999. Microbes Infect. 1:1255.
*These products may be covered by one or more Limited Use Label Licenses (see the BioLegend Catalog or our website, www.biolegend.com/terms). BioLegend products may not be transferred to third parties, resold, modified for resale, or used to manufacture commercial products or to provide a service to third parties without written approval of BioLegend. By use of these products you accept the terms and conditions of all applicable Limited Use Label Licenses. Unless otherwise indicated, these products are for research use only and are not intended for human or animal diagnostic, therapeutic or commercial use.
This data display is provided for general comparisons between formats. Your actual data may vary due to variations in samples, target cells, instruments and their settings, staining conditions, and other factors. If you need assistance with selecting the best format contact our expert technical support team.
Brilliant Violet 421™ anti-human LAP (TGF-β1)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 and recombinant human IL-2 for 24-hours. Cells were surface stained with CD4 FITC, LAP (clone TW4-2F8) Brilliant Violet 421™ (top) or mouse IgG1, κ Brilliant Violet 421™ isotype control (bottom), followed by intracellular staining with FOXP3 Alexa Fluor® 647 (gated on CD4+ lymphocytes).
Purified anti-human LAP (TGF-β1)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with CD3 (UCHT1), CD28 (CD28.2), and recombinant human IL-2 for 24-hours; and then surface stained with purified TW4-2F8 conjugated with PE (top) or mouse IgG1, κ PE isotype control (bottom), followed by intracelluar staining with FOXP3 (259D) Alexa Fluor® 647 (gated on CD4+ lymphocytes)
PE anti-human LAP (TGF-β1)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with CD3 (UCHT1), CD28 (CD28.2), and recombinant human IL-2 for 24-hours; and then surface stained with TW4-2F8 PE (top) or mouse IgG1, κ PE isotype control (bottom), followed by intracelluar staining with FOXP3 (259D) Alexa Fluor® 647 (gated on CD4+ lymphocytes)
APC anti-human LAP (TGF-β1)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with CD3 (UCHT1), CD28 (CD28.2), and recombinant human IL-2 for 24 hours, then surface stained with anti-LAP (clone TW4-2F8) APC (top) or mouse IgG1, κ APC isotype control (bottom). This was followed by fixation and permeabilization with BioLegend's FOXP3 Fix/Perm Buffer Set and then staining with FOXP3 (259D) PE (gated on CD4+ lymphocytes).
PE/Cy7 anti-human LAP (TGF-β1)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with CD3 (UCHT1), CD28 (CD28.2), and recombinant human IL-2 for 24 hours, then surface stained with anti-LAP (clone TW4-2F8) PE/Cy7 (top) or mouse IgG1, κ PE/Cy7 isotype control (bottom). This was followed by fixation and permeabilization with BioLegend's FOXP3 Fix/Perm Buffer Set and then staining with FOXP3 (259D) Alexa Fluor® 647 (gated on CD4+ lymphocytes).
FITC anti-human LAP (TGF-β1)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with CD3 (UCHT1), CD28 (CD28.2), and recombinant human IL-2 for 24 hours, then surface stained with anti-LAP (clone TW4-2F8) FITC (top) or mouse IgG1, κ FITC isotype control (bottom). This was followed by fixation and permeabilization with BioLegend's FOXP3 Fix/Perm Buffer Set and then staining with FOXP3 (259D) Alexa Fluor® 647 (gated on CD4+ lymphocytes).
PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-human LAP (TGF-β1)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with CD3 (UCHT1), CD28 (CD28.2), and recombinant human IL-2 for 24 hours, then surface stained with anti-LAP (clone TW4-2F8) PerCP/Cy5.5 (top) or mouse IgG1, κ PerCP/Cy5.5 isotype control (bottom). This was followed by fixation and permeabilization with BioLegend's FOXP3 Fix/Perm Buffer Set and then staining with FOXP3 (259D) Alexa Fluor® 647 (gated on CD4+ lymphocytes).
