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Hematopoeisis from Multipotent Stem Cell
Hematopoeisis from Pluripotent Stem Cell
Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency in Mouse
Human Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency
Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency
Oct4 in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency
WNT Signaling
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Interactive Human CD Molecule chart

Interactive Mouse CD Molecule chart

1. Cutting edge: IL-7 regulates the peripheral pool of adult RORgamma+ lymphoid tissue inducer cells.Schmutz S, Bosco N, Chappaz S, Boyman O, Acha-Orbea H, Ceredig R, Rolink AG, Finke D. J. Immunol. Aug, 2009; 183:2217-21 PubMed

2. Surface antigen phenotypes of hematopoietic stem cells from embryos and murine embryonic stem cells.McKinney-Freeman SL, Naveiras O, Yates F, Loewer S, Philitas M, Curran M, Park PJ, Daley GQ. Blood. Jul, 2009; 114:268-78. PubMed

3. Adipose-derived Stem Cells Are an Effective Cell Candidate for Treatment of Heart Failure - An MR Imaging Study of Rat Hearts. Wang L, Deng J, Tian W, Xiang B, Yang T, Li G, Wang J, Gruwel M, Kashour T, Rendell J, Glogowski M, Tomanek B, Freed D, Deslauriers R, Arora RC, Tian G. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol.Jul,2009. PubMed

4. Thrombin-cleaved osteopontin regulates hemopoietic stem and progenitor cell functions through interactions with alpha9beta1 and alpha4beta1 integrins. Grassinger J, Haylock DN, Storan MJ, Haines GO, Williams B, Whitty GA, Vinson AR, Be CL, Li S, Sørensen ES, Tam PP, Denhardt DT, Sheppard D, Choong PF, Nilsson SK.Blood. Jul, 2009; 114:49-59. PubMed

5. Decoy receptor 3 expression during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, and regulation by sex steroids in endometrial cells in vitro. Chen HF, Chen JS, Shun CT, Tsai YF, Ho HN.Hum Reprod. Jun, 2009; 24:1350-8. PubMed

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Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-1 (SSEA-1) is a Lewis blood group related carbohydrate antigen known as X-hapten, Lewis X, 3-FAL, 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine, or CD15. The expression pattern of SSEA-1 antigen is different from human and mouse. In mouse, SSEA-1 is expressed on embryonic stem cells (ES), embryonal carcinoma cells (EC), 8-cell to blastocyst embryos, and a subset of embryonic inner cell mass. The expression on murine ES cells is decreased upon differentiation. In human, however, SSEA-1 is not found on undifferentiated ES cells, but its expression is upregulated along with differentiation. CD15 is highly expressed on adult human granulocytes. It has been reported that SSEA-1 plays a role in cell adhesion and regulation of cell differentiation.

The MC-813-70 antibody reacts with a carbohydrate antigen which is named as Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-4 (SSEA-4). It is a terminal structure of globo-series glycolipids (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-R). SSEA-4 is expressed on human teratocarcinoma cells (EC), embryonic stem cells (ESC), embryonic germ cells (EG), and preimplantation embryos, subset of mesenchymal stem cells, erythrocytes, and erythromyeloid leukemia cell line K562. The expression of SSEA-3 on human ESC is downregulated upon differentiation. SSEA-4 is also expressed by mouse on unfertilized eggs and preimplantation to early cleaved embryos.

The TRA-1-81 antibody reacts with a 200-240 kD cell surface antigen expressed by human embryonic stem cells (ESC), embryonic germ cells (EG), and embryonal carcinoma cells. The expression of TRA-1-81 (Tumor Rejection Antigen 1-81) on human ESC is downregulated upon differentiation. Further studies have shown that TRA-1-81 is neuroaminidase-resistant carbohydrate epitope expressed on podocalyxin, a member of mucin-like glycoprotein with CD34 family. Podocalyxin is a type I tranmembrane sialoprotein with anti-adhesion property.

CD184, also known as fusin or CXCR4, is a 45 kD seven transmembrane G-protein-linked CXC chemokine receptor. CD184 is widely expressed on blood and tissue cells, including B and T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes, megakaryocytes/platelets, lymphoid, myeloid precursor cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons, among other tissue cells. CD184 is the receptor for CXC chemokine SDF-1, mediates blood cell migration, and is involved in B lympho- and myelopoiesis, cardiogenesis, blood vessel formation and cerebellar development. CXCR4 is also a coreceptor of X4 HIV-1 and an alternative receptor for some isolates of HIV-2. The 12G5 antibody has been reported to block CD4-independent infection by HIV-2 and CD4-dependent infection by some T cell-tropic isolates of HIV-1.

The W7C6 antibody against human MSC was generated by immunization with Weri-RB-1 cells. It reacts with mesenchymal stem cells and some tested neoplastic cell lines (HT29, Hela, MCF-7, REH). Further studies have shown that W7C6 antigen is identical to protein tyrosine phosphatase LAR. Mesenchymal stem cells or MSCs are originally name as bone marrow stromal cells. They are a population of adult stem cells with a large capacity for self-renewal and multipotency for differentiation into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, adipocytes, ß-pancreatic islets cells and certain neuronal cells. MSCs reside in many tissues, such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, adult peripheral blood, fetal blood, skin, as well as liver and lung. Besides their plasticity for tissue repair, MSCs also exhibit a powerful immunosuppressive activity and play important role in supporting hematopoiesis.

Nanog (Homeo box transcription factor nanog) is a transcription factor, express in embryonic stem (ES) and carcinoma (EC) cells. Nanog binds optimally to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[CG][GA][CG]C[GC]ATTAN[GC]-3'. When overexpressed, promotes cells to enter into S phase and proliferation. Nanog involved in inner cell mass and embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferation and self-renewal. Imposes pluripotency on ES cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic endoderm and trophectoderm lineages. The Poly6320 antibody recognizes human Nanog and has been shown to be useful for Western Blotting.

Notch1, also known as neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1, is a large >270 kD protein that functions as a receptor for the membrane ligands Jagged1, Jagged2 and Delta1 to regulate cell fate decisions. Upon ligand activation, the transmembrane Notch1 receptor is cleaved by TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) to produce a membrane-associated intermediate fragment (NEXT). This fragment is further cleaved by presenilin-dependent gamma secretase to release a notch-derived peptide containing the intracellular fragment from the membrane. The released Notch intracellular fragment (NICD) translocates to the nucleus and forms a transcriptional complex with the RBP-J κ transcriptional activator complex to alter differentiation, proliferation, and apoptotic programs. Notch 1 is highly expressed in the brain, lung, and thymus (CD4-CD8- cells and CD4-CD8+ cells) with lower levels of expression observed in the spleen, bone marrow, spinal cord, eyes, mammary gland, liver, intestine, kidney and heart. The transmembrane Notch protein is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a C-terminal fragment and N-terminal fragment (probably linked by disulphide bonds) containing 5 ankyrin repeats, 36 EGF repeats, and 3 Notch/Lin repeats. Notch1 can be modified by phosphorylation. The mN1A antibody reacts with the intracellular domain of mouse and human Notch1 and has been reported to have highest affinity for activated intracellular Notch1 and lower affinity for full-length unprocessed/heterodimeric Notch1 forms. This antibody does not recognize rat Notch1 or cross-react with Notch2, 3, or 4.