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Stem Cells |
Stem cells are the progenitors that can give rise to many different cell types but are also capable of continuous self renewal. The hope for many incurable diseases rests in the understanding and manipulation of stem cells. While totipotent embryonic stem cells can develop into any cell type, adult stem cells are mostly lineage restricted such as the bone marrow stem cells that give rise to all blood cells. BioLegend provides antibodies to support this exciting field of biology with specificities against human, mouse and rat stem cells, as well as developmental markers.
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1. Explore our Stem Cell Research Antibodies |
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2. View our interactive Stem Cell-related Pathways |
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3. Embryonic Stem Cell Markers |
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4. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Markers |
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5. Download our Interactive Human and Mouse CD Molecule Charts |
Interactive Human CD Molecule chart
Interactive Mouse CD Molecule chart
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6. Read the latest Stem Cell articles using BioLegend products |
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1. Homeostatic expansion of autoreactive immunoglobulin-secreting cells in the Rag2 mouse model of Omenn syndromeBarbara Cassani, Pietro Luigi Poliani, Veronica Marrella, Francesca Schena, Aisha V. Sauer, Maria Ravanini, Dario Strina, Christian E. Busse, Stephan Regenass, Hedda Wardemann, Alberto Martini, Fabio Facchetti, Mirjam van der Burg, Antonius G. Rolink, Paolo Vezzoni, Fabio Grassi, Elisabetta Traggiai, and Anna Villa. J. Exp Med. Jul 2010; 207: 1525 - 1540.PubMed. |
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2. Bone marrow graft-versus-host disease: early destruction of hematopoietic niche after MHC-mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Yusuke Shono, Satoshi Ueha, Yong Wang, Jun Abe, Makoto Kurachi, Yoshihiro Matsuno, Tatsuki Sugiyama, Takashi Nagasawa, Masahiro Imamura, and Kouji Matsushima. Blood. Jul 2010; 115: 5401 - 5411. PubMed. |
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3.Inhibition of In Vivo HIV Infection in Humanized Mice by Gene Therapy of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells with a Lentiviral Vector Encoding a Broadly Neutralizing Anti-HIV Antibody. Aviva Joseph, Jian Hua Zheng, Ken Chen, Monica Dutta, Cindy Chen, Gabriela Stiegler, Renate Kunert, Antonia Follenzi, and Harris Goldstein. J. Virol. Jul 2010; 84: 6645 - 6653.PubMEd. |
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4.Pro-Inflammatory CD11c+CD206+ Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Associated With Insulin Resistance in Human Obesity. John M. Wentworth, Gaetano Naselli, Wendy A. Brown, Lisa Doyle, Belinda Phipson, Gordon K. Smyth, Martin Wabitsch, Paul E. O'Brien, and Leonard C. Harrison. Diabetes. Jul 2010; 59: 1648 - 1656. PubMed.
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5.Hematopoietic stem cell function requires 12/15-lipoxygenase–dependent fatty acid metabolism. Michelle Kinder, Cong Wei, Suresh G. Shelat, Mondira Kundu, Liang Zhao, Ian A. Blair, and Ellen Puré. Blood. Jun 2010; 115: 5012 - 5022. PubMed.
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View External Resources Page
View Flow Cytometry Resources Page
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a. Anti-mouse/human SSEA-1, clone MC-480 |
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Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-1 (SSEA-1) is a Lewis blood group related carbohydrate antigen known as X-hapten, Lewis X, 3-FAL, 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine, or CD15. The expression pattern of SSEA-1 antigen is different from human and mouse. In mouse, SSEA-1 is expressed on embryonic stem cells (ES), embryonal carcinoma cells (EC), 8-cell to blastocyst embryos, and a subset of embryonic inner cell mass. The expression on murine ES cells is decreased upon differentiation. In humans, however, SSEA-1 is not found on undifferentiated ES cells, but its expression is upregulated along with differentiation. CD15 is highly expressed on adult human granulocytes. It has been reported that SSEA-1 plays a role in cell adhesion and regulation of cell differentiation.
Figure Legend: F9 (mouse embryonic carcinoma cell line) stained with purified MC-480, followed by anti-mouse IgM-PE.
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b. Anti-human SSEA-4, clone MC-813-70 |
The MC-813-70 antibody reacts with a carbohydrate antigen which is named as Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-4 (SSEA-4). It is a terminal structure of globo-series glycolipids (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-R). SSEA-4 is expressed on human teratocarcinoma cells (EC), embryonic stem cells (ESC), embryonic germ cells (EG), and preimplantation embryos, subset of mesenchymal stem cells, erythrocytes, and erythromyeloid leukemia cell line K562. The expression of SSEA-3 on human ESC is downregulated upon differentiation. SSEA-4 is also expressed by mouse on unfertilized eggs and preimplantation to early cleaved embryos.
Figure Legend: Human teratocarcinoma cell line, NCCIT, stained with MC-813-70 PE. |
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c. Anti-human TRA-1-81, clone TRA-1-81 |
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The TRA-1-81 antibody reacts with a 200-240 kD cell surface antigen expressed by human embryonic stem cells (ESC), embryonic germ cells (EG), and embryonal carcinoma cells. The expression of TRA-1-81 (Tumor Rejection Antigen 1-81) on human ESC is downregulated upon differentiation. Further studies have shown that TRA-1-81 is neuroaminidase-resistant carbohydrate epitope expressed on podocalyxin, a member of mucin-like glycoprotein with CD34 family. Podocalyxin is a type I tranmembrane sialoprotein with anti-adhesion property.
Figure Legend: Human teratocarcinoma cell line, NCCIT, stained with purified TRA-1-81, followed by anti-mouse IgM PE. |
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d. Anti-human CD184 (CXCR4), clone 12G5 |
CD184 , also known as fusin or CXCR4, is a 45 kD seven transmembrane G-protein-linked CXC chemokine receptor. CD184 is widely expressed on blood and tissue cells, including B and T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes, megakaryocytes/platelets, lymphoid, myeloid precursor cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons, among other tissue cells. CD184 is the receptor for CXC chemokine SDF-1, mediates blood cell migration, and is involved in B lympho- and myelopoiesis, cardiogenesis, blood vessel formation and cerebellar development. CXCR4 is also a coreceptor of X4 HIV-1 and an alternative receptor for some isolates of HIV-2. The 12G5 antibody has been reported to block CD4-independent infection by HIV-2 and CD4-dependent infection by some T cell-tropic isolates of HIV-1.
Figure Legend: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with 12G5 APC |
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e. Anti-mouse Jagged 2, clone HMJ2-1 |
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The Notch receptors and their ligands are highly conserved from invertebrates to mammals. The Jagged 2 is one of the several Notch ligands identified. The binding to Notch receptor results in the proteolysis of Notch and movement of intracellular portion of Notch into the nucleus. This translocation triggers a series of signaling process. Jagged-2 is reported to be essential for the regulation of spermatogenesis.
Figure Legend: FJ2/CHO transfectant cell line stained with HMJ2-1 Alexa Fluor® 647 APC |
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f. Anti-NOTCH1, clone mN1A |
Notch1, also known as neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1, is a large >270 kD protein that functions as a receptor for the membrane ligands Jagged1, Jagged2 and Delta 1 to regulate cell fate decisions. mN1A reacts with the intracellular domain of mouse and human Notch1 and has been reported to have highest affinity for activated intracellular Notch1 and lower affinity for full-length unprocessed/heterodimeric Notch1 forms. This antibody does not recognize rat Notch1 or cross-react with Notch2, 3, or 4.
Figure Legend: Jurkat cells Intracellularly stained with mN1A PE |
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