Dilute the 1000X solution to 1X in the tissue culture medium. It is recommended that cells are cultured with brefeldin A for ≤ 24 hours, as this can become toxic for cell viability.
Application References:
1. O'Sullivan, B.J., et al., 2006. J. Immunol. 176: 7278. 2. Fuse, S., et al., 2007. J. Immunol. 178:5227. 3. Kang, Y.J., et al., 2007. Nature Immunol. 8:601. 4. Redfern,CH.,et al.2006.J. Clin Oncol.19:3107.PubMed 5. Smithey, MJ., et al. 2008. J. Immunol. 180:3406. PubMed 6. Elzey, BD., et al. 2008. Blood. 111:38684. PubMed 7. Nguyen, KD., et al. 2008. J Immunol. 181:5386. PubMed 8. Goodridge, HS., et al. 2009. J. Immunol. 182:1146. PubMed 9. Markey, KA., et al. 2009. Blood. 113:5644. PubMed 10. Wilcox, RA., et al. 2009. Blood. PubMed 11. Zenaro, E., et al. 2009. J. Leukoc Bio. PubMed 12. Butcher, JP., et al. 2010. Clin Cancer Res. 16:2065. PubMed. 13. Boisvert, M., et al. 2010. J. Virol. 84:7782. PubMed.
Description:
Brefeldin A (BFA) is a protein transport inhibitor commonly used to enhance intracellular cytokine staining signals by blocking transport processes during cell activation. Especially useful for the intracellular staining of cytokines, BFA leads to the accumulation of most cytokines at the Golgi Complex/Endoplasmic Reticulum (see Jung, et al., 1993). Optimal conditions for use are cell type and time-dependent. Typically, protein transport inhibitors are included during in vitro cell activation cultures for 4-24 hours prior to harvest (see references below for additional information). Brefeldin A Solution is supplied as a 1,000X solution, which should be diluted to 1X in cell culture medium.
Other Names:
BFA
Antigen References:
1. Current Protocols in Immunology (John Wiley & Sons, New York), Unit 6.24, Detection of Intracellular Cytokines by Flow Cytometry (Barbara Foster and Calman Prussin, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD). 2. Sander, B., et al., 1991. Immunol. Rev. 119:65. 3. Sander, B., et al., 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 166:201. 4. Prussin, C. et al., 1995. J. Immunol. Meth. 188:117. 5. Jung, T., et al., 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 159:197.
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