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The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography, and conjugated with Alexa Fluor® 647 under optimal conditions. The solution is free of unconjugated Alexa Fluor® 647.
Concentration:
0.5 mg/ml
Storage & Handling:
The antibody solution should be stored undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For immunofluorescent staining, the suggested use of this reagent is ≤0.25 µg per 106 cells in 100 µl volume. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.
* Alexa Fluor® 647 has a maximum emission of 668 nm when it is excited at 633nm / 635nm. ** Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc. Alexa Fluor® dye antibody conjugates are sold under license from Molecular Probes, Inc. for research use only, except for use in combination with microarrays and high content screening, and are covered by pending and issued patents.
PMA+ionomycin-stimulated Th17-polarized CD4+ T cells from C57BL/6 mouse lymph node cells surface stained with CD4 (GK1.5) PE, then intracellular stained with BL25168 Alexa Fluor® 647 (top) or Rat IgG2b Alexa Fluor® 647 isotype control (bottom)
IL-21 is a 17 kD member of the common γ chain family of cytokines and mainly produced by CD4+ T subsets, including Th17, follicular helper T cells (TFH), Th2, memory CD4+ T cells, and NKT cells. IL-21 signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex containing IL-21R and the common cytokine receptor γ chain (CD132). IL-21 has effects on T, B, NK, and myeloid cells, regulates both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. It has been reported that IL-21 is able to enhance the expansion of Th17 cells via the induction of IL-23R, cooperates with IL-7 or IL-15 to promote CD8+ T cell expansion. IL-21 is also known to regulate Ig production by driving the differentiation of B cells to antibody-producing plasma cells and involving in the development of follicular helper T cells (TFH). In addition, IL-21 exerts negative effect on lymphoid and myeloid cells, including induction of B cell apoptosis and inhibition of dendritic cell maturation and function. The type of actions mediated by IL-21 is presumably determined by its biological context, specific activation state of the target cells, as well as the cytokine milieu. IL-21/IL-21R system is involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases and anti-tumor effects.
Other Names:
Interleukin-21
Structure:
17 kD member of the common γ chain family of cytokines, structurally related to IL-10.
Distribution:
Th17, follicular helper T cells (TFH), Th2, memory CD4+ T cell, and NKT cells.
Function:
Regulate Ig production, drive the differentiation of B cells to antibody-producing plasma cells, involve in the development of follicular helper T cells (TFH), promote anti-tumor responses by CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and exert negative effect on lymphoid and myeloid cells.
Ligand Receptor:
IL-21R
Antigen References:
1. Asao H, et al. 2001. J. Immunol. 167:1. 2. Korn T, et al. 2007. Nature 448:484. 3. Suto A, et al. 2008. J. Exp. Med. 205:1369. 4. Spolski R, et al. 2008. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 26:57. 5. Pot C, et al. 2009. J. Immunol. 167:183:797. 6. Bauquet AT, et al. 2009. Nat. Immunol. 10:167. 7. Spolski R, et al. 2009. J. Immunol. 182:2859.
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Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-mouse IL-21
PMA+ionomycin-stimulated Th17-polarized CD4+ T cells from C57BL/6 mouse lymph node cells surface stained with CD4 (GK1.5) PE, then intracellular stained with BL25168 Alexa Fluor® 647 (top) or Rat IgG2b Alexa Fluor® 647 isotype control (bottom)
